When Adults Fail, Children Change Essay - 1355 Words

The Bluest Eye is a novel written by Toni Morrison that reveals many lessons and conflicts between young and adult characters of color. The setting takes place during the 1940s in Lorain, Ohio. The dominant speaker of this book is a nine year old girl named Claudia MacTeer who gets to know many of her neighbors. As a result of this, Claudia learns numerous lessons from her experience with the citizens of Lorain. Besides Claudia, The Bluest Eye is also told through many characters for readers to understand the connection between each of the adults and children. Many parents in the novel like Geraldine and Pauline Breedlove clearly show readers how adults change their own children. Furthermore, other adult characters like Cholly Breedlove†¦show more content†¦As he grew older, he learned how to direct his hatred to the cat and spent some happy moments watching it suffer† (86). Junior is affected by the failure of his mother to parent well. Instead she worries about appearance, cleanliness, and her cat which brings separation between her and Junior. Because he is angry and hurt by this, he abuses his mother’s cat who receives all the affection he would like to have from Geraldine. Another example of the failure of adults is seen in Pauline Breedlove. Just as Geraldine focuses more on her desires than her child, so does Pauline in ways that also drift her away from her family. Mrs. Breedlove is a black woman who dreams she can somehow make her family appreciate her but after Pauline figures that she could not, she finds meaning in romantic movies and the Fisher Family - the white family she works for. The narrator tells readers, â€Å"More and more she neglected her house, her children, her man – they were like the afterthoughts one has just before sleep, the early-morning and late-evening edges of her day, the dark edges that made the daily life with the Fishers lighter, more delicate, more lovely. . .Here she found beauty, order, cleanliness, and praise† (127). Pauline Breedlove works for a family that is not her family and because the Fishers give her what she desires, she ends up neglecting her own family. Mrs. Breedlove fails toShow MoreRelat edFailure to Launch652 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion/Prompt: Discuss at least 2 reasons research is suggesting for young adults still living at home. This new phenomenon—young adults still living in their parents home well into their late 20s to early 30s—is proposed to be a result of many different reasons. Spend some time reading what experts suggest about this trend and address at least 2 reasons suggested. Contrary to popular belief â€Å"boomerang kids â€Å"or kids who fail to leave home, as they are called did not start during the â€Å"great recession†Read MoreFavor Of Abolishing Juvenile Court1061 Words   |  5 Pagesclaim that all crimes should be treated the same and children are no exception. They also claim that because a punishment is supposed to fit the crime teenagers who have committed high-level crimes deserve to be tried as adults. Another popular claim is that the adult court system lowers juvenile recidivism. What these individuals fail to see is the psychological trauma that adult courts have on adolescents. Instead of being tried as adults, children should be tried in juvenile because children’s brainsRead MoreMarriage Is Not Only For The Adults Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is when two adults come together in love and have the love link them together as one. It means they live together and share the rest of their lives together after a m arital engagement. Today marriage is not only for the adults, but the young teenagers have taken it up. It could be a drive from young love. It mostly occurs during adolescence when most teenagers start to discover themselves emotionally and sexually. The strength that comes with this young love turns some to believe they canRead MoreComparative Rhetorical Analysis : `` Just Read And Write, But Right And Wrong `` Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis Final Essay The debate over rather children should learn values at home or in school is not a complicated one. The process of learning values in school, as oppose to home is referred to as character education. Should we require character education in our school systems? Kathleen Townsend explains in, â€Å"Just Read and Write, but Right and Wrong† and â€Å"Character Education Will Likely Fail† by Thomas J. Lasley, the main attention is directed to teachers and adults who consider values and character educationRead MoreBeing A Great Enforcer Of Behavior1304 Words   |  6 Pagesthey replied: â€Å"to be quiet, don’t fool around and get the work done†. Praise brings about public performance in children. Making things (e.g. going out for dinner if homework gets done) contingent with behavior is wrong. Main Ideas Agreed with/Disagreed with In agreement I agree with the author that praise and rewards has being a great enforcer of behavior in our society and child rearing practices. I particularly like his intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation concerns and the importance of whatRead More How Divorce Effects Kids Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits for couples who have a successful marriage. When a marriage begins to fail it is usually due to a couples inability to communicate, lack of a common goal, or a trust vs. mistrust issue; therefore, more so than not, these types of situations will ultimately result in a divorce. The most frequently asked question over the last two decades has been, â€Å"Does divorce effect children and how so?† Studies have shown that divorce affects children in many ways: affects their self-esteem, feels as thoughtRead MoreYouth Offenders in The United States1089 Words   |  5 PagesYouth offenders in the United States who commit an adult crime should they be tried as an adult or sent off to rehab ? According to (Juvenile Offender) young people today are more malleable and can be easily influenced. It is mainly believed that the criminal actions by young offenders might be influenced by such external forces such as parental neglect, and inappropriate living conditions or with relations within their family. It is important to note that instead of seeing a rehab program as a formRead MoreHow Adulthood Can Be Broken Down Further Into Two Sub Stages1172 Words   |  5 PagesAdulthood can be broken down further into two sub-stages: Early (eighteen to thirty-five), and Middle adulthood (thirty-five to sixty-five). In Early Adulthood, adults are in the â€Å"prime of their lives†, that is, they are in top physical and cognitive health (lime). When a person reaches Middle Adulthood, their cognitive abilities remain stable; and they tend to approach things more practically; the activities and tasks engaged in by midlife are generally not cognitively challenging. Perhaps thisRead MoreAsperger Syndrome : A Neurological Disorder Associated With Autism1341 Words   |  6 Pageseven excluding the target from group activities. Bullying behavior, broadly described as intimidating or harassing another person through physical or verbal assaults and insults, can begin at any age, but it seems to be a particular problem among children and adolescents. Although bullying is usually a one-on-one behavior, it also has a broader social impact. Victim may feel humiliated, and thus alienated from everyone in their peer group, while bullies may feel that they have established a positionRead MoreNo Matter How Loud I Shout1543 Words   |  7 Pages† (No Matter How Loud I Shout, 1996, p.31) The one beacon of hope the juvenile court has is Judge Roosevelt Dorn. Judge Dorn is known in the court systems as one of the toughest judges. He was known for harsh sentences and often trying children in the adult courts. However, Judge Dorn may seem cruel he is merely doing what he feels is best for the child. He sees the same cases and scenarios day in and day out. He knows that stability is the thing these kids need most. Through the eyes of

The Fight Against Animal Cruelty - 1919 Words

Fighting Against Animal Cruelty How would you feel if you passed by a hours every day and seen a puppy on a chain leash that was too heavy for its neck, look under-nourished, and as it got older that same chain leash was on its neck getting tighter? This is an example of what I experienced as a child and these images will always stay with me. Rascal was a harmless german shepherd that was beaten daily, starved, and left out in the cold. Rascal experienced one of the many forms of animal cruelty and abuse. Cruel cases just like this one happen every single day, all around the world. Animals should not have to go through torturous events such as these, they do have a mouth to tell us when to feed, bathe or shelter them. Having an animal for a pet is common in the world today. For example, according to a survey done by the Humane Society on January 30, 2014, pet ownership has tripled in the U.S. and at least sixty two percent of American households include at least one pet,(1). Many pe ople enjoy the company of a furry dog or cute kitten. That is great as long as you can care for and love the animal for its entire life. In a personal interview with Beth Lus, a State Humane Officer at the Inland Valley Humane Society, when asked, â€Å"How many animals a year do you believe have come from an abusive home or where they have been neglected?† she replied, on average one to two a day that some in and it can be a lesser degree from skin conditions, mange, all the way up to full blownShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty And Its Effects On The World1372 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Cruelty The weather outside is harsh. The wind is blowing and the temperature is below freezing. Imagine being locked in a cage and left unprotected from this weather with small portions of food and water that has turned to ice. Now imagine being yanked from this cage and bashed on the floor, stunned, and now skinned alive. Does this sound cruel? Does this sound like something that no creature should ever have to endure? This is something that is experienced by many different typesRead MoreThe American Society For The Prevention Of Cruelty1198 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Henry Bergh created an organization that believes that animals are entitled too respectful and kind treatment that must be protected under the law. Today, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is privately funded, not-for-profit corporation centered in New York City. Among abuse and cruelty situations, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals also deals with Animal Homelessness and Adoption (â€Å"AboutRead MoreAnimal Cruelty: Dog Fighting Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Cruelty: Dog Fighting Sherry LaFace COM 220: Research Writing January 23, 2010 Erin Fagan Dog fighting is a very cruel thing, and it is happening right under our noses. It is illegal to fight a dog in all fifty states. By being an observer at a dog fight, it is against the law in forty-seven states. So why do people continue this cruel practice? The answer seems to be money. Some people who breed dogs for fighting can sell their puppies for up to two thousand dollars. Even thoughRead MoreAnimal Cruelty Persuasive Speech962 Words   |  4 Pagespain, suffering or injury to an animal is held accountable. You should listen to my speech because it will explain to you why you should stand up against animal cruelty. I will try to persuade you with logic and you can make up your mind after listening. I believe we should side against animal cruelty because animals suffer serious bodily harm from the abuse, animals cannot defend themselves and people who commit animal cruelty usually commit acts of violence against humans. We should stop this soRead MoreAnimal Abuse Summary 762 Words   |  4 PagesEvery day in the United States animals are beaten, neglected, and forced to struggle for survival. They are left in horrible conditions, ones without any food and or water. Some are lucky, they are found and rescued, being given a chance to survive by being cared for in a shelter or even given a new home. But others, aren’t so lucky. We must fight for these animals’ rights and punish the heartless owners. Its up to us to speak up for these creatures who don’t have a voice. Read MoreFur Of The Fashion Industry1107 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding the use of animal furs in the fashion textile industry? When the learner was a little girl, she loved animal books and grew up reading the stories about Three Little Bears, Three Little Pigs, Little Red Riding Hood and fell in love with all these stories. Most notably there has always appeared to be a good guy and a villain and so as the learner grew she would always fight on the side of the underdog; with this in mind, the older the learner became her love for animals and fashion also grewRead MoreAnimal Cruelty908 Words   |  4 PagesShould animals be used for research? Isn’t it animal cruelty? To test cosmetics, cleaners and other products, hundreds of thousands of animals are poisoned, blinded and killed every year. In circuses, animals are being tortured cruelly. This has been an argumentative issue for a long time. Some argue testing on some animals now will prevent lots of human suffering and save lives in the future. Others say it is unethical and cruel. Still, everyone agrees that millions of animals are subjected toRead MoreStop Fight And End Cosmetic Testing On Animals1121 Words   |  5 PagesWayne Pacelle is the current President and CEO of The Humane Society of the United Sates, the initial text’s purpose is the desire to fight and end cosmetic testing on animals. In this particular blog the audience leans towards individuals who use any types of cosmetics such as makeup including lipsticks and as well as shampoo, I personally believe this blog is directed towards anyone who wears makeup cosmetics frequently. The audience is also aimed for the consumers, legislators, and companies aroundRead MoreAnimal Cruelty959 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals are subjects to inhumane treatment by the hands of many individuals, however there is little done in order to protect them from this form of physical and neglectful treatment. Though there are several laws against this type of conduct, a great deal of animal abuse is unforeseen and these animals are victims whom cannot protect themselves. The state of New York describes felony animal cruelty as, â€Å"intentionally and without just cause seriously injuring or killing an animal† (Iannacone 2011)Read MoreStop Animal Cruelty1702 Words   |  7 Pages Animals are living, breathing creatures that are able to feel, think and have souls. For people to make excuses and to say that they can use animals as a means of testing, hunting, etc because they are just animals is cruel and uneducated. We as humans are animals as well. Just because we are more intelligent and advanced, it doesn’t g ive us the right to harm them. Just because we can, doesn’t mean we should, Dr. Ian Dunbar, a veterinarian, an author, a trainer and a behaviorist, argues that To

Polarization in Us Politics Free Essays

Analyze the evidence that American politics is becoming more polarized. If so, is this a reaction to the polarization of political elites? Approx 1500 words 13/12/10 â€Å"The election of 2008.. We will write a custom essay sample on Polarization in Us Politics or any similar topic only for you Order Now . marked the end of an epoch. No longer could Republicans count on the basic conservatism of the American people, the reflexive hostility to candidates who favour big government† (Darman, 2010, 34)In the 1970s and 1980s there was a consensus that the importance of political parties was in decline, that the shared conservative ideology of the American electorate was reflected in the similar ideology and policy of the Democratic and Republican party. Now, however, the parties are seemingly taking on renewed importance as the population of the United states grows less and less homogenous. There is now a consensus in the American media that their politics are increasingly Polarized between the liberal voters who vote Democrat, and the more traditional conservatives who support the Republican Party.This essay will assess the evidence for whether or not the American political system is indeed polarizing, and if so, then for what reasons? The role of political elites will also be exam ined, whether or not they are polarizing aswell, and whether this is a large contributing cause of the polarising of the mass? Many, including Marc Hetherington, contend that there has indeed been a period of mass and elite polarisation, and Hetherington believes that the mass polarization is a reaction to the elites increasing partisanship (2001, 621, 629).There is evidence in surveys that the political elite is polarizing; the amount of self proclaimed â€Å"very conservative† Republicans in congress and senate has risen from 12 to 30 percent since 1972, and the amount of â€Å"very liberal† Democrats has risen from 8 to 20 percent (Stone, 2010, 39), this shows that as much as half of delegates are radicals. For this reason political debate has grown more and more rancorous, both in Washington DC and in the media. The role of information in Democracy cannot be understated, it is a cornerstone of Dahls Polyarchy (1972).Although some media companies may attest to attempting to provide news without bias, their agenda as businesses is to turn a profit and as it is common for them to take up political positions in order to gain market share. To illustrate this, Fox News 24 hour television station was introduced in 1996 (this in itself could be seen as evidence for polarization) and by 2000 had managed to attract 17 percent of the US population by adopting a staunchly conservative viewpoint (DellaVigna, Kaplan, 2007), while one must stop short of attributing the Republican success at the 2000 election to the introduction of a conservative news station.The same study shows that not Fox News’ emergences causation with an increase in voter turnout (DellaVigna, Kaplan, 2007, 1228), arguabl y mobilising a previously disenchanted group. The radical left and right leaning delegates mentioned above are naturally the most visible politicians to the public in terms of media coverage as a result of the medias wont for framing politics in terms of conflict (Hetherington, 2001, 622).It follows that the mass public will draw their positions from the partisan opinions and attitudes which they are exposed to on their televisions and in their newspapers, either in support of, or by vehemently disagreeing with, the controversial politicians, political pundits and journalists, and will express these outlooks in the polls come election time. One tool which the media can use to project an image of a polarized country is by utilising state boundaries to show the success of the different parties in nationwide elections.The red state/ blue state maps are now a fixture of the news coverage as election results flood in, but it is interesting to note that as recently as 1984 Democratic victories were shown in red and Republican in blue. It is also curious that red, long the colour of Marxism, of Red China and Communist USSR (Patton, 2004). The only relevance of these points is to show that the apparent deep rooted polarized political situation is both modern and subject to quite sudden change. The red/ blue map shown in Figure one shows how modern Polarisation has manifested itself over the last four elections.The dark red and blue show that those states have voted Republican or democratic respectively all four times. Lighter shades show that party has won all but once, while purple shows states which have gone to the Republic ans and Democrats twice each. On first glance this seems to back up the polarization theory, as Fiorina and Adams put it; â€Å"when the 2004 election almost reproduced the 2000 map, belief in the polarization narrative peaked as social conservatives gloated about the purported importance of â€Å"values voters† for the re-election of President Bush, and liberal commentators bitterly accepted that interpretation. â€Å"(2008, 564, 565)However when one examines the map in figure 2 which breaks down the 2008 election by county, rather than state. This map seems to throw an interesting side note onto the red state/ blue state theory. While there is seldom a completely red or blue dominated state, in terms of area covered on the map, there is far more covered by republican red. The fact that the democrats won the election with so much less area covered shows that the blue areas are high in population denstity- cities and large towns. Rather than Republican south versus Democratic coasts, Figure 2 indicates a division between Rural Republican and Urban Democrat areas.Fig. 1 Fig. 2 There are other problems with the above quote, which Fiorina and Abrams do draw attention to. For instance the assumed intrinsic connections common to the â€Å"value voters† are not as strong as they may seem. For instance Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry managed to pull one third of white evangelicals, and one third of gun owners (Fiorina and Abrams, 2008, 568). These are two criterion of the stereotypical conservative Bible-Belt citizen, and the media would have us believe that almost every single one would have supported the incumbent George W.Bush. This exaggeration is typical of the American media’s attempt to depict American politics as more polarized than it is. Haley Barbour, governor of Mississippi and former chairman of the republican party here how he takes political news (in this case the pessimism about the future of the Republican party after the election of Barack Obama in 2008) with a pinch of salt; â€Å"In politics, things are never as good as they seem (in the media) and they’re never as bad as they seem† (Darman, 2010)If there is such polarization in the USA, such defined political cleavages, why then is every election so tightly contested, which Barone calls â€Å"The 49 Percent Nation† (Kaus, 2004)? Surely if the nation was split along regional, urban/ rural, religious or ideological divides, then surely one group would be able to dominate the other, at least periodically, and one party would enjoy longer periods in office. In the past two decades no Presidential candidate has acheived more than 54% of the popular vote. Barbour implies that the greatest reason the democrats won the 2008 election is becaus e it was simply â€Å"their turn† (Darman, 2010).Mickey Kaus of political comment website Slate Magazine, attributes this seemingly strange run of results to the Median Voter Theory, also known as the Black Theorem (Black, 1948). Kaus explains that the ideological positions of the Republican and Democratic parties are not fixed, they do not remain where the lines in figure 3 show, rather they will gravitate towards the point upon the scale which will guarantee the greatest support. Because of this, in both the upper and lower graphs (ie regardless of whether the voting public is polarized or not) both the main parties would lie more or less in the centre of the graph.The non proportional representation, two party electoral system reinforces this, as if their were many parties competing seriously it would allow for minority parties which could take up more extreme left or right points on the scale. Figure. 3- the vertical lines represent where ideology-driven liberal and conservative parties would be fixed upon the scale. The other line in each graph shows the how the voters are distributed along the political spectrum. In conclusion, there is significant evidence to show that a period of polarization has been occuring in the politics of the United States of America since approximately the mid 1990’s.There are a myriad of reasons which could be applied, too many to be mentioned here, for example Hetherington mentions that Presidential approval ratings and poor economic performance can often lead to polarization. The greatest factor however, to stretch the US electorate’s homogeneity is the influence of the elites and the mass media. Arguably this could be seen as a give-and-take progression, with the elites emerging from the mass to elevated positions from which they may influence the mass, and the media reacting to the mass in order to produce a marketable servi ce. Furthermore it is important to note that although the USA does exist in a somewhat polarized state, the extent of that polarization is not as clearcut as sections of the media would have one believe. The US is not simply a nation off older gun toting, gay hating, anti abortion Republicans and younger coastal, ethnically diverse gay loving pro-choice socialist Democrats. Perhaps a more apt description would be as a nation of centralist influenced by a small amount of more extreme outliers of liberal and conservative persuasion.Bibliography Political Polarization in the American Public, Fiorina, Morris and Abrams, Samuel, 2008, Stanford Resurgent Mass Partisanship: The Role of Elite Polarization, Hetherington, Marc, 2001, American Political Science Review The Fox News Effect; Media Bias and Voting, DellaVigna, Stefano and Kaplan, Ethan, 2007, Harvard On the Rationale of Group Decision Making, Black, Duncan, 1948, Chicago The Anti-Obama,Darman, Jonathan, 2010, Newsweek Fight Club, Thoma s, Evan and Taylor Jr, Stuart, 2010, Newsweek How to cite Polarization in Us Politics, Papers

Understanding Of Principles Of Corporate Governance For JB-Hi-Fi

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Of Principles Of Corporate Governance For JB-Hi-Fi. Answer: Introduction: The current study is engaged in the understanding of corporate governance and studying the rising importance in the last decade. A detailed understanding of principles of corporate governance for JB-Hi-Fi is examined to report on the matters of integrity in financial reporting. The report will be providing the definition of goodwill by reflecting the current requirements of reporting for firms that listed in ASX. The analysis of the JB-Hi-Fi goodwill recognized and unrecognized is performed together with the description of goodwill impairment. Additionally, the study of Intendent Auditors Report and relative analysis of audited financial statement of JB-Hi-Fi will be reflected by stating the necessary changes made by the company. Corporate governance: Corporate governance is the study of rules, regulations, process and system that act as the tool for applying authority and regulating the internal control of an organization (Panditharathna 2016). The corporate governance structure principally recognizes the distribution rights and accountabilities amid different participations in the company. Corporate governance acts as the mechanism of procedure through which the relations of the company are controlled and directed. Importance of corporate governance in last decade: During the last decade, corporate governance has become a vital aspect. The tool of corporate governance assist in understanding the rights of the shareholders and assisting them in exerting the rights. Modern conversation of corporate governance tends to refer the general principles that surrounds the business that anticipated operating is to assure appropriate governance (Lins et al. 2017). They help the shareholders in exercising the rights by efficiently communicating the information and promoting the participation of shareholders in the meetings. According to Domadenik et al. (2016) corporate governance is an important tool of directing the companies towards self-governing state, establishing own rules and enforcing laws among workers from superior to subordinate level. As put forward by McCahery et al. (2016) over the last decade there is a growing importance of corporate governance since the tool help in making corporations more responsible and avoiding the instances of adversity. An argument led by Tricker et al. (2015) states that failing companies with insolvent stakeholders are primary reason for increasing importance of strong corporate governance principles. A well-designed principles of corporate governance is equivalent to law enforcement agency of internal affairs unit that help in reducing the problems under extreme predisposition. A corporation can conduct meetings with the shareholders and debtors and external members such as suppliers, customers and community leaders to meet the requirements of effected parties. Corporate governance is of paramount vitality for corporation and it is regarded as an important part of business plan. The framework of corporate governance is important because it helps an organization in avoiding scandals of fraud and criminal offences. The growing importance of corporate governance is directed towards enhancing the organizations reputation among public as the self-governing firm that responsible and exemplary towards shareholders capital. McCahery et al. (2016) stated that the growing importance of corporate governance is due to its principles of shared values, organizational cultural practices and its employees. An organization lacking the principles of corporate governance is regarded as firm without ethics. Decisively, corporate governance assists an organization in remaining honest and trouble-free. Investigation of JB-Hi-Fi compliance with integrity of financial reporting: The corporate governance fourth principles deals with safeguarding the integrity of corporate reporting. The principles necessitate a firm to apply formal and arduous process of independently validating and safeguarding the integrity of financial reporting (Tricker et al. 2015). Upon investigating the financial statements of JB-Hi-Fi it is found that the management and executives of JB-Hi-Fi have remain dedicated at the highest standard in making sure that the business is carried functions are conducted in an ethical manner by complying with the greater standards of corporate governance. In accordance with the 3rd edition of ASX corporate governance principles and recommendations the business practices and policies of JB-Hi-Fi comply with the materiality aspects. The company has placed controls, which is designed to assure that the financial reporting integrity complies with the regulatory requirements of reporting. Evidences obtained from the financial statement of JB-Hi-Fi provides that the company during the accounting period have appropriately complied with section 286 of the Corporations Act 2001. JB-Hi-Fi financial report provides the company has maintained right interpretation of books of accounts and along with the financial position (Jbhifi.Com.Au 2018). The independent professional auditors audit the financial reports of JB-Hi-Fi on annual basis. Concept of Goodwill and ASX current reporting requirements: Goodwill is regarded as the intangible asset that arises when the purchaser acquires an existent business. Goodwill is an asset that indicates the upcoming financial benefits arises from other assets that is acquired by a company when gaining control of business that is not separately recognized. According to corporation Act 2001, there are statutory requirements for financial reporting (Chen et al. 2017). Companies conducting business in Australia are required to prepare and lodge with ASIC the financial statements at the end of the accounting year. The annual financial statements should be audited and under specific state of affairs, the corporations are exempted from financial reporting. Companies listed in the ASX are bounded by continuous disclosure requirements. Firms listed under ASX are required to report under present Australian accounting standard; To prepare the financial statement in compliance under section 286 of the Corporation Act 2001. Section 320 of the Corporation Act 2001 provides a statutory reporting requirements for organizations listed under ASX to lodge a half-yearly reports and auditors reports with the ASX as and when required (Glaum et al. 2018). Section 302 of the Corporation Act 2001 provides that a company is required to prepare the half-yearly reports. In compliance to section 292 of the corporation act 2001 a company is required to prepare the financial statement and directors report As stated under section 301 of the Corporation Act 2001, a company is required to have its financial reported audited by the financial auditor. In compliance to Section 317 of the Corporation Act 2001 provides that a company listed under ASX is required to lay down the financial document in the annual general meeting (Sherrill 2016). Investigation of JB-Hi-Fi financial report to support and illustrate the analysis: Evidences obtained from the financial statements of JB-Hi-Fi the goodwill impairment stood AUD 15.8 that was identified by the company in the statutory financial statement of 2017. During the financial year of 2017, the impaired goodwill amounting to $14.7 million and PPE stood $1 million, which was attributed to the JB-Hi-Fi cash-generating unit. Goodwill impairment is referred as the charge on asset that is incorporated in the books of accounts of the company when the value of goodwill on the financial statements goes beyond the fair value (Darrough et al. 2014). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not identified by JB-Hi-Fi. If it is noticed that the provisional variances arises from the original identification of assets and liabilities that is affecting neither the taxable income nor the accounting profit relating to initial identification of goodwill. Goodwill of JB-Hi-Fi is allocated to the cash-generating unit through impairment testing. On finding that the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is below the carrying amount of cash generating unit, the impaired amount of loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying value of goods will allocated to cash generating unit. Additionally the impairment loss related to goodwill is also identified in the profit and loss statement (Chen et al. 2014). Upon the disposal of operations of goodwill in the cash generating unit, the attributable amount of JB-Hi-Fi goodwill is included in the determination of proceeds or the losses on the upon the disposal of the procedure. The evidences obtained from the yearly financial report of JB-Hi-Fi provides that the goodwill arising from the purchase of Good Guys amounting to $701.5 million is identified and distributed to the JB-Hi-Fi Australian cash generating unit(Jbhifi.Com.Au 2018). Goodwill associated with the JB-Hi-Fi New Zealand was impaired that carried the worth of $14.7 million due to the poor performance in the financial year of 30 June 2017 into the cash generating unit. The goodwill of JB-Hi-Fi has originated from the acquisition of Good Guys continued to remain provisional during 2017 while the organization continued to finalize the value of its assets and liabilities that is acquired. Concept of Independent auditors Reports: An independent can be defined as the examination of financial accounts, commercial transactions, accounting practices and internal control of the organization (Gunin et al. 2014). An auditor are viewed as the independent accountant that are appointed by the shareholders to offer the independent view point of the financial statement and remuneration report prepared by the directors. Objective of Independent Auditors Report: The purpose of audited financial report is provide the users with the noteworthy assertion based on the information declared in the financial statement. The audit report is designed to enable the auditor in assessing the materiality factors included in the report. The objective of independent auditors report is to provide disclosure to the board of directors and shareholders. According to Hariri et al. (2015) audit is not carried on for the benefit of the firm or management but it is carried on for a person or group that are using the financial statement with the objective of making decision. The independent auditors report offers the investors and the management regarding the information relating to audit. The independent audit report provides the clarification of the purpose of audit by denoting the public corporation accounting oversight panel. As cited by Boyle et al. (2015) the purpose of audit report is to enable the readers with the sufficient amount of assurance regarding the independent viewpoint of the financial information stated in the financial statement. The auditors provide altered viewpoint on those situations where the financial statement does not provide the appropriate interpretation or agreement with the accounting standards (Douglas et al. 2015). The objective of auditors report is emphasize on the section that are vital in determining the going concern aspects of a firm. Comparative analysis of JB-Hi-Fi audit report for the accounting year of 2016 and 2017: On conducting a comparative study of JB-Hi-Fi, audit report for a financial year of 2016 and 2017 it was noticed that the audited reported consisted of balance sheet, profit and loss statement, comprehensive income statement, statement of cash flow and statement of changes in equity (Jbhifi.Com.Au 2018). Evidences obtained from the audit statement of JB-Hi-Fi comprised of relevant accounting rules together with the description of materials and units that are controlled by JB-Hi-Fi in accounting year 2016. Nevertheless, the audit report of 2017 demonstrated a change from the audit reported published in 2016. The audit report for 2016 did not contained key audit matters whereas in 2017 the audit report contained key audit matters concerning the 100% acquisition of Good Guys for cash considerations of $860 million. Further changes reflect that the accounting for the acquisition transactions represents amounts that was attributable to certain assets and liabilities that remained provisional during the year ended 30 June 2017 and was complex that required management judgement (Jbhifi.Com.Au 2018). Judgements was required in determining the fair value of acquired identifiable assets and liabilities together with the purchase considerations to separately identifiable intangible assets. The carrying value of New Zealand cash generating unit incorporates judgements regarding the future growth rate of the business. The audit report reflects that the auditors placed emphasis in the key audit matters because of the fall in financial performance of New Zealand CGU and the judgement required forecasting of future cash flow and other vital assumptions. The auditors report of 2016 reflect that there is no material misstatement whereas in the year 2017 the auditors have stated their opinion in audit report that there is a material misstatement and information presented in 2017 are materially inconsistent with the financial report and appears to be materially misstated. Conclusion: Conclusively the directors and the management of JB-Hi-Fi has demonstrated highest standard of commitment in assuring that the company has complied with the business requirement ethically with the highest corporate governance standard. The report offers that for impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each cash-generating unit of JB-Hi-Fi. Additionally, JB-Hi-Fi has identified the impairment loss associated to goodwill expressed in either profit or loss. The comprehensive analysis of the audited financial statement of JB-Hi-Fi provides an evidence that the company has complied with the guidelines of Corporation Act 2001. As a general, JB-Hi-Fi has implemented the internal control practices that are applicable to the organizations preparation of financial statement. References: "JB Hi-Fi | JB Hi-Fi - Australia's Largest Home Entertainment Retailer". 2018.Jbhifi.Com.Au. https://www.jbhifi.com.au/. Boyle, Douglas M., F. Todd DeZoort, and Dana R. Hermanson. "The effects of internal audit report type and reporting relationship on internal auditors' risk judgments."Accounting Horizons29, no. 3 (2015): 695-718. Chadegani, Arezoo Aghaei, Zakiah Muhammaddun Mohamed, and Takiah Mohd Iskandar. "The influence of individual characteristics on auditors intention to report errors."Journal of Economics, Business and Management3, no. 7 (2015): 710-714. Chen, Lucy Huajing, Jayanthi Krishnan, and Heibatollah Sami. "Goodwill impairment charges and analyst forecast properties."Accounting Horizons29, no. 1 (2014): 141-169. Chen, Wen, Pervin K. Shroff, and Ivy Zhang. "Fair value accounting: Consequences of booking market-driven goodwill impairment." (2017). Darrough, Masako N., Lale Guler, and Ping Wang. "Goodwill impairment losses and CEO compensation."Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance 29, no. 4 (2014): 435-463. Domadenik, Polona, Janez Pranikar, and Jan Svejnar. "Political connectedness, corporate governance, and firm performance."Journal of business ethics139, no. 2 (2016): 411-428. Douglas, M. B., F. T. DeZoort, and D. R. Hermanson. "The Effects of Internal Audit Report Type and Reporting Relationship on Internal Auditors' Risk Judgments."Accounting Horizons3 (2015): 695-718. Glaum, Martin, Wayne R. Landsman, and Sven Wyrwa. "Goodwill Impairment: The Effects of Public Enforcement and Monitoring by Institutional Investors."The Accounting Review(2018). Gunin-Paracini, Henri, Bertrand Malsch, and Marie-Soleil Tremblay. "On the operational reality of auditors' independence: Lessons from the field."Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory34, no. 2 (2014): 201-236. Hariri, Hilwani, Hasnah Haron, and Chris Patel. "Factors influencing the independence of government auditors."Problems and Perspectives in Management13, no. 2 (2015): 380-388. Lins, Karl V., Henri Servaes, and Ane Tamayo. "Social capital, trust, and firm performance: The value of corporate social responsibility during the financial crisis."The Journal ofFinance 72, no. 4 (2017): 1785-1824. McCahery, Joseph A., Zacharias Sautner, and Laura T. Starks. "Behind the scenes: The corporate governance preferences of institutional investors."The Journal ofFinance 71, no. 6 (2016): 2905-2932. Panditharathna, K. M. "Corporate Governance and Firm Performance." (2016). Sherrill, Karen. "The Key Indicators Of Goodwill Impairment Write-Offs."Business Studies Journal(2016): 106. Tricker, RI Bob, and Robert Ian Tricker.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015.

Organization Report Riverbank Credit

Wofford v. Evans Essay Example

Wofford v. Evans Essay Example Wofford v. Evans Essay Wofford v. Evans Essay This case provides elaboration on the right to due process of a student while being detained by school and police authorities in search for a weapon in the school premises to ensure the safety and protect the lives of children entrusted to the care of school officials. The decision basically notes that parental notification is not requisite to due process.Case SummaryJennifer Wofford, mom to ten-year old M.D., filed an appeal at the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit on the district court’s dismissal of her lawsuit against the Botentourt County School Board and Sheriff’s Department as represented by Principal Rita Evans and Associate Principal Erika Rosa of the Colonial Elementary School, including Detective Jason Markham and others. Wofford claims that M.D.’s rights to due process and freedom from unlawful seizures have been violated by the school and the county sheriff. This issue has arisen, when M.D.’s classmates reported to their teacher that M.D. brought a gun in school on the eve of Thanksgiving in 2001. M.D.’s teacher called the associate principal’s attention and thus, Erika Rosa questioned M.D. regarding the gun. M.D. permitted Rosa to search her book bag and her classroom desk but the assistant principal did not find any weapon. On the Monday following Thanksgiving, Principal Evans and Rosa continued the investigation among M.D. and her classmates. While M.D. denied the allegation, several attested that M.D. did brought a gun and one classmate, Josh Bane said that M.D. threw a black handgun into the woods near the school. Concerned, Evans and Rosa called the police and so three detectives came by mid-morning. The detectives questioned M.D.’s classmates and then M.D. who continued to deny having brought a gun to school. After sweeping the campus grounds, the detectives failed to find any gun.Salient Points of the CaseThe Appellate Court affirmed the district court with the following reasons: 1) †Å"School officials must have the leeway to maintain order on school premises and secure a safe environment in which learning can flourish.† For this, the appellate court pointed out: â€Å"when school officials constitutionally seize a student for suspected criminal activity and transmit the basis for their suspicion to the police, any continued detention of the pupil by the police is necessarily justified in its incipience.† The appellate court further explains: â€Å"when the justification for the original detention includes a concern that also warrants police involvement, no violation of the Fourth Amendment occurs if the police detain the pupil while they allay this concern.† 2) â€Å"Imposing a rigid duty of parental notification or a per se rule against detentions of a specified duration would eviscerate the ability of administrators to meet the remedial exigencies of the moment.† For this, the appellate court pointed out that: â€Å"the Constitutio n does not impose a duty of parental notification before the pupils disciplinary detainment while such school guardianship persists.†Supporting LawsThe following major jurisprudences support the case: 1) Bd. of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 570, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 33 L.Ed.2d 548 (1972) which states that â€Å"the range of interests protected by procedural due process is not infinite.† 2) Terry, 392 U.S. at 30, 88 S.Ct. 1868 which essentially says that: â€Å"law enforcement officers may depart from the procedural strictures of the Fourth Amendment when they reasonably conclude ‘that criminal activity may be afoot.’†Concurring or Dissenting Opinions:There are no concurring or dissenting opinions in this case as Judges Williams and Titus unanimously joined Judge Wilkinson’s opinion.ReferencesWest Publishing. (n.d.). â€Å"390 F.3d 318 November 19, 2004.† The Federal Reporter Volume 390 3rd Edition. Retrieved August 4, 2009, from http://bulk. resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/390/390.F3d.318.03-2209.html

Communication Within The Construction Industry Essay

Communication Within The Construction Industry - Essay Example In this context, it has been found that the Simon reports (1944, 1945, 1948) could be possibly regarded as a primary theoretical approach to the issue of communication in the construction industry. These reports refer to the â€Å"distribution of building materials, awareness of the problems faced and the contingency planning required to overcome post-war problems† (Emmitt et al., 2003, 12). In other words, there was an ‘indirect’ reference to the communication as a necessary element for the successful completion of a construction project. The study of the role of communication in the development of a construction project was expanded after the decade of 1960s while in the 1970s one of the most important studies appeared in the area is that of Broadbent’s Design and Architecture in 1973 which included â€Å"an entire chapter for the issue of communication† (Emmitt et al., 2003, 16). Another important study was also that of Paterson ‘Information Methods: For Design and Construction’ in 1977 which refer to the value of information towards the successful completion of a construction project. Other studies also followed in recent years emphasizing the need for effective communication in order to achieve the targets set in any construction project. Communication should be considered as an element of primary importance for the success of any construction project. In this context, it has been supported by Brown (2001, 1) that â€Å"communication has been cited by 25 per cent of all construction employers as a basic reason for failure†. On the other hand, it has been found that â€Å"differences in communication techniques, language and subsequent translation of the language into the design product mean that the existence of certain hurdles must be accepted; techniques need to be developed to ensure that they become simple obstacles, as opposed to

Week 3 Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Week 3 Assignment - Essay Example The book ‘Global issues in intellectual property law’ is a section of the GLOBAL ISSUES SERIES. Every book in the series has materials designed to assist the introduction of transnational, international, and comparative legal issues into courses of some schools. The aim of the series is to guarantee that every student has an adequate familiarity with the effect of non-domestic basis of law, and the increasing potential for transnational legal disputes and transactions, to work in this era of increasing globalization. Additionally, introduction of transnational, international and comparative law information can enhance a student’s comprehension of domestic law. The book is very important to this paper since it offers additional information pertaining to domestic laws on intellectual property. The book provides information on current issues in regard to intellectual property. Hansen, S., & VanFleet, J. (2003). Traditional Knowedge and Intellectual Property: A Handbook on Issues and Options for Traditional Knowledge Holders in Protecting their Intellectual Property and Maintaining Biological

Comparing between two country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing between two country - Essay Example that was established by the founding fathers of these nations after independence, challenges of border conflicts between neighboring countries is still real. Kenya and Tanzania have suffered similarly from terrorist attacks on the record of a twin bomb in the capitals of these two nations that simultaneously occurred on 7th August 2008 at the embassies of the United States. Politically, Kenya and Tanzania have shared several similarities. It will historically be remembered that these two countries were both British Colonies and got independence in the 1960s. At the time of independence, Kenya and Tanzania had similar structures and organization of a unitary government and (Klugman, Neyapti and Stewart 46). Both countries share a commonality of the political history for remaining single party democracies until 1992 when multiparty democracy was adopted in both Kenya and Tanzania. Their struggles for sovereignty are known to have resulted in massive loss of lives. Today, Kenya and Tanzania are multiparty democracies with several political parties registered in both countries. Both nations are headed by a Head of State with Uhuru Kenyatta, the son of the founding father in Kenya heading the country while his counterpart Jakaya Kikwete leading Tanzania. The political relations between the two nations have been stable since independence. Several changes in both countries have aimed at transforming governance although making varied achievements. However, Tanzania and Kenya have clearly manifest political differences. Firstly, through the many constitutional changes and amendments since independence, the political structures are substantially transformed. Kenya adopted and embraced a devolved system of governance while Tanzania embraces a unitary system of government (Martin 23). Under the decentralized governance in Kenya, the President is the Head of State while the Governors head the forty-seven counties. The famous constitutional change in Kenya in 2010 ushered in

Dialog GSM Is A Major Player In Telecommunication Marketing Essay

Dialog GSM Is A Major Player In Telecommunication Marketing Essay Marketing mix is a tool to achieve organisation mission, objective, and other benefits with that organisation satisfy their customer needs, face competition etc. Marketing Mix is used differently between different target markets. For service sector marketing tools include another 3 elements, which are, People In a service sector organisation is not providing goods therefore organisation tends to provide a quality customer service. The organisation staffs are the key factors in service organisation. Eg: Express common culture Process Process is expressing that organisation working effectively. And attract customers through a fast service. Eg: In a bank, sending new credit card automatically when old credit card expired Physical Evidence Physical evidence is a tool to customer to judge about the organisation through outlook of the overall service. Eg: Packing Dialog Dialog GSM is a major player in Telecommunication service in Sri lanka. Its started in 1995.currently dialog expand its network to other services which are, Mobile network Land line Television Broadband Investment Now the dialog plc is one of the largest listed companies on the Colombo stock exchange in terms of market capitalisation. As per their mission, vision and their statement (The future today) the management build a strong brand name through a better service within ten years. Dialog and P7 The Dialog GSM is a service provider therefore it has to use P7 tools to achieve their group gaol. When analysis the past activities of this company It used all P7 to cover all the market segments. Dialog has segmented their network service according the customers revenue which is mainly delivering through the package. These packages are segment aver all population according their income. Dialog came through a penetration policy to capture the market. And currently it use same low level price system to keep a strong barrier to new comers. Sri lanka is a development country and the inflation is high therefore price is a key instrument to operate long term. Earlier mobile phones were used by rich people in Sri lanka but Dialog break this practise and introduce gsm system and provided quality mobile phone with affordable price. Package system, Pre-paid Post Paid Marketing mix Dialog segment their market their network and provide service according the segmentation. Promotion is different according the market. Mostly this company promote package because it is suitable for most of the customer Dialog provide, Free ring tone Free emergency calls Free call dictionary 3G etc Dialog use personal promotion as well http://mayuonline.com/eblog/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/kit_per_second_ad.jpg Dialog captures the market through a better promotion. And they introduce new packages according the seasons. Prices are depends on the packages. Dialog covers the island through a better distribution channels. Every where customers can contact dialog dealers. Customers can buy new mobile sim through dealers or through web. Customers are connecting through a best customer service. Customer can contact directly through a free call from their mobile phone. Dialog split the market but mostly their target is medium revenue level customers. Through that they control 75% market share. Dialog BOD use their marketing mix well from the start. Dialog advertisement include, Personnel selling Advertising Sales promotion Publicity Market mix with some different Dialog GSM is currently doing well in everything but the marketing department and other departments have to be ready to face future competition, Eg: New competitor enters in to the telecommunication market. Current marketing mix is usable to manage current competitors but now more foreign investors are planning to invest in Sri Lanka because of peace and opportunity. Foreign competitors are full of capital as well as in new technology. Dialog introduces new ideas but that is not more enough to compete with future. Product/Service Product is well known to customers. And it is easy to use than other network. Now Dialog has to influence the people who are in out of the country. Therefore Dialog has to identify the new technology which is used by worldwide network companies eg: Virgin mobile Dialog has to cover the whole Island and other Sri lankan citizen who are out of the country Eg: Student. Therefore It is better to invest from now .For that funds allocation and capital investment activities are needed to achieve a certain level improvement in product level. Place Dialog uses all the distribution channels to promote their telecommunication. They need to keep in touch with environmental changes. Dialog can use more e-system to communicate. Price Currently Dialog doing a better price cut promotion but still customer expect more therefore it can lead to new competitors to enter in to market. Dialog can still do market penetration to capture the balance market and dialog has to maintain same customers therefore maintaining price system is important to development country. Dialog has to consider shareholder expectation level to set the price Promotion Dialog is use all the promotion methods there is no doubt about their promotion levels. They have more chances to advertise because the dialog group has television and graphic company. People Dialog staff expresses a common culture and which is described as a strong culture. Staff well trained. Human Resources department is doing well. But still there is a space to improve their service. Sometime customers are waiting to contact. It can reduce through adding some quality staffs. Conclusion Marketing mix is very tactical instrument which has to be used in technical ways. In an entrepreneur company marketing mix is handled through experience but in a large company such as Dialog GSM management has to clearly guide it through decisions. At the same time marketing mix helps to a company to successfully position in a market. Marketing mix can use from a small organisation to large organisation to verify their main product and sub products in same market condition or different market condition.

Willy Loman as a Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Sal

Willy Loman as Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman Willy Loman, the troubled father and husband in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, can be classified as a tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle in his work, Poetics. In Aristotle's Poetics, a tragic hero was defined as one who falls from grace into a state of extreme despair. Willy, as we are introduced to him, becomes increasingly miserable as he progresses from a dedicated, loving father, though not without flaws, into a suicidal, delusional man. The definition of a tragic hero, as stated in "Poetics," also describes a person who is influential and is of significance to others. Though, in actuality, Willy Loman may not possess these characteristics, he perceives himself as having them as he cares for himself, his children and his wife. A final distinction noted by Aristotle was that a tragic hero is not a bad person deserving of his impending misfortune, but instead, has made a series of mistakes leading to his downfall. We can see that Willy does not purposely create this harmful situation for himself, he is only ignorant that certain actions of his are wrong, which contribute to his self-ruin. Willy Loman therefore personifies the attributes of a tragic hero as proposed by Aristotle.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy, with a house, a car, a job, two sons whom he adores, and a supportive, caring wife, seems to have everything that any man could ever want. He manages, however, to alienate himself from these things that he loves near the end of the play as he slips into a self-induced state of altered reality. Willy, being "...lonely...terribly lonely" (Miller, page #) has an affair with a woman during his marriage to Linda. Even though Linda is not aware of this, or makes no mention of ... ...id not keep his sales skills sharpened, but he never purposely hurt the people in his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through the actions of Willy Loman, and the reactions of those around him, we can see that his character follows the model of a tragic hero presented by Aristotle in his works, "Poetics." Willy passes through life in a path that begins with prosperity, as evidenced by his possessions and successful family, and ends with misery, when he loses his job and commits suicide. Willy has indeed made mistakes in his life, and we can recognize that they are mistakes and were never intended to harm anyone, but instead to satisfy his own needs. These characteristics then, by Aristotle's determination, make him not a "wicked man" (Aristotle, 1303), and not a virtuous man, but "a man whose place is between these extremes"; (Aristotle, 1303) by definition, the tragic hero.

Finding my father

My clothes felt like a cold, damp extension of my body, as I lay panting on the floor. Blood, water, sweat, I wasn't sure what it was. At this moment, I was just glad to be alive. As I attempted to pick myself up off the rough asphalt, I felt a warm liquid well up in the depths of my throat, as I retched onto the ground. Oddly, this wasn't how I normally felt at 11am on a Thursday morning. My name is Alex Watson. Alex was after my father, a man who I heard a great deal about, but never met. My mother was only a college girl when she met my father. He was dead before I was born. When I asked my mother about it, she got angry, or said she was tired, anything to avoid my questions. In the end, I just had to get on with my life. I moved to New York, into an apartment block which encapsulated the bleak misery of city life. You eventually learn to block out the sirens, gunshots and screaming. About a year ago, I got an urge to discover who my father was, beyond the facade of distorted facts my mother decided to disclose to me. For some reason, I needed to know. I needed to know the truth, and seeing as nobody was going to tell me, I decided to look for myself. The task turned out to be the proverbial needle in the haystack. The problem with my father was, he liked to keep a low profile. So much so that, until I was sixteen, I had no idea what he did for a living. Anything I did find out about him was on a need to know basis. Discovering my father wasn't going to be as easy as I first imagined. Home was not exactly an awe-inspiring. My roommates where cockroaches, and a stray cat who I had named Takeshi. These more than minor inconveniences allowed me some pleasures, such drowning my sorrows in â€Å"The Manhattan†, a bar so close to my apartment that I could wander out if it drunk and fall into my bed†¦or at least the floor. This was my escape, my salvation from the nine to five drudgery of my life. I was never good at working in boxes. I worked as a retail technician for a major electrical appliance company. I answered phone calls from people whose children had put jam sandwiches in their VCR's, or people phoning me asking why the cup holder on their new computer was broken. I was supposed to respond to them in a cheerful, knowledgeable manner, but most of the time I had to concentrate on not screaming and slamming the phone down. However, their phone calls did break the monotony of staring at a prefabricated cardboard wall, rules and codes of conduct staring at me in the face. I felt trapped. I felt like I needed to escape, a release from my life. It's probably normal to, at some point or other, question your existence on this planet. Why are you here? What's so special about you? In my case, I took a long hard look at myself, and found nothing. Nada. Jack shit. I could find no real reason for me to be on this earth. And to be completely honest, this didn't surprise me. I had always been decidedly average. My only sense of purpose was finding the truth about my father, but to do that I needed money, and to get money I needed to work. Unfortunately, as I've already stated, my job was like a nine to five lecture on the art of watching paint dry. What I needed was a miracle. What I got was a blessing in disguise. â€Å"Sir, you can't stay here, it's public endangerment!†. I can't say I ever heard these words, my drunken demeanour, as well the cacophony of the halted cars horns, prevented them from reaching my ears as I wandered down the middle of a road. I tripped over my own feet, and landed back first. â€Å"Back owf!† I warned, â€Å"I'm armsed!†. I swung my whiskey bottle wildly, until it flung off and hit the floor. â€Å"Crap† I murmured before passing out. Two hours later, conscious and sober, when I was informed of the events, I can't say I was surprised. My excuse? I was bored. However, when I told this to the police, they were less than impressed. I was expecting them to throw me into one of their first class, luxurious cells for the night, and maybe, if I'm luck, beaten to a pulp for saying I supported the wrong football team. But if I've learnt anything, it's that life's a bitch, and you never get what you want. Simply a clip round one ear and a â€Å"Don't do that again!† in the other. Jesus, my mother gave me better telling off than that when I was seven! Slightly disheartened at the state of the judicial and law enforcement services, I made my way towards the door, and the unbearable natural light of the afternoon. As I did this, I glanced over at the desk. She was there. The woman who arrested me last night, when I decided to take a walk on the wrong side of the road†¦figuratively and literally. Suddenly, I felt something I hadn't expected. I felt a twinge of guilt. It was a feeling I hadn't felt in a long time, not since before I started destroying my mind with drink. I felt guilty for what I had done, I felt like I needed to apologise. I crept over to the desk, unsure of what to say, but sure of what to do. â€Å"Excuse me miss. Er†¦I just..er†¦wanted to say that†¦er†¦I'm sorry about last night.† Normally I'm a little more articulate than that, but the effects of last night's binge hadn't quite worn off. â€Å"That's ok.† She said, as her face broke into a smile. It was at this point I noticed something that had escaped me last night, (possibly because my eyesight was in a less than perfect state). This woman, smiling at me from behind the desk, was beautiful, not in a catwalk super model kind-of-way, which had never appealed to me, but in a regular, every day kind of way. Her smile was kind and gentle, and her deep brown eyes sparkled in the hazy mid-day sun. She was stunning in a subtle way. I was falling for her, and I could feel it. Her smile broke as she spoke again, â€Å"Normally, I get a nasty sneer off people, and that's off the nice ones. But I could tell you were different, even when I first saw you.† Her face broke into a smile again, and I just hoped I wasn't staring at her. â€Å"I don't know†¦I just knew you where different.† I returned the smile, the first real smile I had had in months. â€Å"Thank you. Hopefully, I'll see you around.† She smiled at me, â€Å"Hopefully not under the same circumstances, but we can live in hopes otherwise.† As I walked out of the door, the painful brightness of the midday sun couldn't dampen my mood. I was no closer to finding my father, but maybe a step closer to finding myself.

The Worth of Naysayers

The Worth of Naysayers I cleaned out some files last week and stopped cold at a ten-year-old  folder of agent rejections. Im not sure why I kept them all these years, especially once I landed a contract for my first series. Maybe it was to show them somehow downstream. Maybe it was to let each one know that I managed to write a book decent enough to publish. . . in spite of them. But my books havent sold a half million copies nor have they been made into movies, so Im not sure how much effect I would have on people who dont remember who I was nor recognize who Ive become today. Theres just too much noise in the world these days for agents to know all the great authors, much less the mid-list ones. So I threw the folder on a stack to shred, and again, stopped. These responses altered my life. Some spurned me. Some were nice. Some called me boring. Some said I had no zing. Some encouraged me. Did I want to close this door or keep it open as a constant reminder of how far Ive come? Then I stumbled across this quote while hunting for quotes to add to my newsletters. Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed To me, that meant  dont look behind you, wondering about that harbor you left behind. Instead, move forward, think future.  Explore. Dream. Discover.   I didnt need to waste energy thinking of my past failings. I shredded the letters. Now I have one more file to fill with acceptances, contracts, and congratulations from those who ride with me on my boat, heading forward.

Pronunciation Guide for Spanish Students

Pronunciation Guide for Spanish Students One reason many people pick Spanish as their choice for a foreign language is because theyve heard that its easy to learn its pronunciation. Indeed thats the case - even though some of the sounds can be difficult for foreigners to master. Its relative ease of pronunciation stems from the phonetic nature of Spanish: By knowing the spelling of a word, you can almost always know how its pronounced. The biggest exception is recent words of foreign origin, and in that case, you have a head start if you know English, because most such words come from English. The key, then, to learning Spanish spelling is to learn how each letter is pronounced. You can find guides to each of the letters on the following pages: Pronouncing the vowels: A, E, I, O, U, YPronouncing the easy consonants (ones pronounced roughly as they are in English): CH, F, K, M, P, Q, S, T, W, YPronouncing the difficult consonants (ones pronounced differently than in English): B, C, D, G, H, J, L, LL, N, Ñ, R, RR, V, X, Z Here are some general principles of Spanish pronunciation that you may find helpful: The vowel sounds of Spanish are usually purer than those of English. Although the vowel sounds of English can be indistinct - the a of about sounds much like the e of broken, for example - that isnt the case in Spanish.It is very common for sounds of words to blend together, especially when a word ends in the same letter that begins the next word. For example, helado (ice cream) and el lado are pronounced identically. This process is known as elision.Sounds of consonants tend to be softer or less explosive than they are in English. One notable example is the sound of the h, which has become so softened over the centuries that it is silent in modern speech.The rules on which syllable is stressed are clear and have limited exceptions. If a word has a nonstandard stress, a written accent  is placed over a vowel to indicate the correct stress. Unfortunately, although you can tell how a word is pronounced by its spelling, the reverse isnt always so. In fact, native Spanish speakers are often poor spellers. Thats because Spanish has a fair number of homophones   words that are spelled differently but pronounced alike.

Introduction to HRM in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Introduction to HRM in Canada - Essay Example Human resource management is a science that involves the all-inclusive approach that is relevant to the setting up of an adequate and advantageous workplace culture and environment. This paper seeks to analyze the human resource management practice in Canada in a comprehensive context. It particularly places intense focus on Canada’s public service sector as a case study. Human resource Management The general practice of human resource management is usually defined in two broad approaches. From one approach, it can refer to the procedure of supervising individuals in an elaborate and prearranged method (Ronald, 2007:69). These courses of actions include staffing procedures, the effective keeping of employees, the determining of various remuneration processes, and the handling of exits and new entries regarding workers in a venture (Ronald, 2007:89). Another approach to the human resource practice defines it as the act of linking employees to the top management in a company (Ro bert, 2011:83). This approach puts intense focus to the traditional purposes and expected results of the human resource sector in any company. This approach gives the department the responsibility of monitoring all issues that are relevant with the workers in a venture. ... t enjoys a strategic position that greatly influences the resultant perception and behavior of its target market, customers, and the overall business turnover. The business’ human resource arm exerts much focus on the successful selecting, training, and adequately rewarding of top-tier talent. It also supports transparent dialogue, group work, and cooperation. In addition, the department takes steps to discourage bad performances, or any actions from the employees that can potentially derail the company’s long-term objectives in the process of realizing short-term benefits (Ronald, 2007:157). Human resource management methods in Canada’s public service sector The successful administration of human resource departments in all companies and sectors is crucial to the effectiveness of the Public Service of Canada. In addition, it is also vital for the overall qualities of services given by the Canadian administration. The office that houses the Chief Human Resources Officer (O.C.H.R.O.) is the headquarters of proficiency for human resources administration in Canada’s public service. It is accountable for formulating the wide range of strategy directions and ethics that effectively guide all administrations in all institutions on how to enact their principal responsibility that is the efficient monitoring of workers in their ventures or organizations. The office carries out its principal mandate through three main avenues (Hessing, 2005:79). 1. Monitoring and coverage on People supervision This happens through the use of the Management Accountability structure and the Public Service Employee survey. The Management Accountability structure The office monitors and reports on employee management through its Management Accountability structure (M.A.F.), and its public

Answer chapter 8 question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer chapter 8 question - Essay Example While listening, we must, concentrate on the meanings of the speaker, sustain eye contact, be quiet, send acknowledgement. While reading someone’s message, even then try your best to decipher the meaning of writer. Do not assume anything or draw conclusion if some word is confusing. Just write back for clarification. When speaking, try to keep listeners engaged through gestures and postures and make your meaning and words clear for listeners. Answer: Emotions are driving force. How to handle emotions intelligently is called emotional intelligence. Do not take anything personally. You would face a lot of conflicts but you need to manage conflicts by controlling your emotions by taking deep breath and trying to see the outcome of your would be action as a result of emotions. Answer: We write all the day: on cell phones, on the internet, in a class, etc. This demonstrates the importance of writing. Getting ready to write, writing a first draft and revising your draft are three phases of writing best practices. Following these phases make us write effectively. Answer: Academic writing papers and report are designed to make you do your own work that transforms your skills. But copying the works of other serves no purpose. It is unethical, it is a theft and it is a bar in the way of learning. So we must try to just use the research of other with proper citation and to prove our thesis

Mass Extinctions in the fossil record during End Permian Research Paper

Mass Extinctions in the fossil record during End Permian - Research Paper Example What distinguishes the theories is their validity in empirical terms as well as relevance scientifically. The first significant theory alludes that at the time of the mass extinction of species occupying the earth, there could have been a very catastrophic occurrence of volcanic eruption. The magnitude of the volcanic eruption could have been so big that it ended up wiping out a significant proportion of the earth’s population. The other postulation alludes that a meteorite might have struck the earth thus instigating the death of different species that occupied it. What intrigues is the magnitude of catastrophe that could have wiped out almost all the species adorning the earth without causing a major damage to the earth’s crustal rock layers. Besides, the selectivity in the survival of the species also raises doubts in reference to the theories alluded to offer the explanation to the occurrence of the wipe out. Evolutionary and archeological studies have pointed out to the possible occurrence of a period of a near extinction of all the species on the earth’s surface. This was irrespective of their habitat. This period is referred to as the end Permian time. The occurrences at the time have not been ascertained. The fact is that there have only been theories put forward to possibly try and explain the phenomena that occurred at the time. The following discourse puts the occurrences during the end Permian time into perspective. The focus is to try and critically analyses the occurrence of events during the time. In doing that, the works seeks to make references to theories postulated by scholars in regards to explaining the occurrence. The theories or stipulations are categorically selected depending on their relevance, accuracy, as well as empirical validity. The objective is to try and give a possible chronological account to the occurrence of the near extinction of

History Test Questions Essay Example for Free

History Test Questions Essay Manzanar in CA – loss of $ property – 100th Battalion – â€Å"Purple Heart† Battalion – 442nd Regimental Combat Team – fought in Italy, France, Germany – Most decorated combat unit in US history for proportion of length of service – â€Å"Buddha Heads† – Most Japanese-Americans served as soldiers in Europe while interpreters and such went to the Pacific – obvious racism/discrimination Minority group most adversely affected by Washington DC’s wartime policies was – Japanese-Americans Internment – costs – effects – camps – prejudice – military service – Nisei born in USA, so citizens The general attitude toward WWII was – less idealistic ideological more practical than the outlook in WWI (This is according to the textbook – What would Zinn say in Ch 16? ) In the period of 1885 to 1924, the Japanese immigrants who came to the USA were â₠¬â€œ a select group (representing Japan abroad, so Japan cared who was sent) who was/were better prepared educated than most European immigrants (so they were middle class usually had $) Ex. Japan felt represented – wanted to avoid Chinese bachelors of 19th century – so â€Å"picture brides† When the USA entered WWII in December (7th attack at Pearl, war declared on 8th), 1941, a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about * WWI had campaigned (but many people didn’t know in WWI either – Ex. Sergeant York Gallipoli) During WWII, the US gov’t commissioned the production of synthetic rubber in order to offset the loss of access to prewar supplies in E. Asia (ex. French Indochina/Vietnam, Cambodia, Loas) Wartime agencies functions: War Production Board – assign priorities w/respect to use of raw materials transportation facilities Office of Price Administration – controlled inflation by rationing essential goods War Labor Board – imposed ceilings (maximums) on wage increases Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) – saw to it that no hiring discrimination practices were used against Af-Am’s seeking employment in war industries * A Philip Randolph – 1941 threatened to march on Wash DC to demand equality in hiring – FDR feared march so made a deal to announce Executive Order #8802 for Af-Am’s fair employment in wartime industries Randoplh was leader of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters union (mostly Af-Am’s but some whites too – began in 1920s) While most US workers were strongly committed to the war effort, wartime production was disrupted by strikes led by the – United Mine Workers (Why? Exploitation w/unequal distribution of wartime profits. ) * Coal mining is almost as risky as war – in fact they die more than any other industrial workers, both back then and today – only crab ishing is truly more hazardous b y proportion – although they are much safer today During WWII – labor unions substantially increased their membership †¢ There were some strikes – Ex. United Mine Workers – unfair distribution of wartime profits * Bracero Program – p. 833 Mexicans work in agriculture some industries (later deported in the offensive â€Å"Operation Wetback†) [Ironic after 1930’s treatment in CA for example – Okies for Mexicans, etc†¦ Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act – June 1943 – federal gov’t could seize industries if strikes occurred Ex. Coal mines and RRs briefly] p. 832 Employment of more than 6 million women in America (~3 million had never worked for wages before) industry during WWII led to – the establishment of day-care centers by gov’t (*†Rosie† vs. â€Å"Wendy†) [Usually single women or w/husband in the war were the ones working in defense plants/war industries] * Not equal pay for equal work in almost all cases – although some women earned as good or better money if they were outstanding – some were indeed Ex. P. 33 – WOW poster * My recruiting posters WWII aircraft pictures * Not greater % of women working in USA than in Europe – Ex. Britain USSR – in war industries * Increase in employment in war industries for Af-Am’s (both men women) * Migrations from South as Af-Am’s leave while to the South came war industries and military bases Why? Cheap wages very few unions * Not a strong desire for most women to work for wages (especially in defense industries, etc†¦) *** p. 833 – WAACs, WAVES, SPARS, (WASPs) â€Å"GI† – â€Å"Government Issue† * USCG Merchant Marine Main reason majority of women workers left labor force at end of WWII was – family obligation Af-Am’s did all of following during WWII: rally behind slogan of â€Å"Double V† (victory over Axis racism at home), move north west in large migrations (seeking work – often in war industries) (move to cities – â€Å"urban† begins to mean â€Å"black†) (ghettos created – not like Jewish ghettos in Poland, etc†¦) (de facto vs. de jure/Jim Crow segregation discrimination – Ex. Race riots in Detroit in 1943 – later race riots in north in 1960s too), form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE – 1942 increase in NAACP membership), serve (in US military) in (US) Army Air Corps (Tuskegee Airmen – 332nd/99th w/impeccable record – no bombers lost on their escorts – Benjamin O. Davis sr. Benjamin O. Davis jr. – West Point grads – endured silent treatment from whites – Davis sr. is first Af-Am general in US history – Davis jr. was in command of 99th squadron – see picture on . 835), What about fighting in integrated combat units? Not until Korea (w/exception of a few experiments) Which is least related to the other three? A Philip Randolph (Bro of Sleep Car Porters threat to march on Wash DC in 1941 – led to Executive Order #8802 – in 1963, helped organize march to Wash DC for MLK jr’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC – to protect Af-Am’s to be hired and treated fairly in war industries), racial discrimination in wartime industry (still even w/FEPC there was discrimination – but better than w/out it), proposed â€Å"negro March on Washington,† What about the Smith-Connally (Anti- Strike) Act (1943)? On pp. 834-836 Migration Map on p. 834 * Cotton production in South – hurt Af-Am laborers, tenant, and sharecropping farmers (whites too who did this – many) w/ introduction of mechanization – so migration p. 836 * Native Americans ~25,000 serve – Ex. Comanche in Europe Navajo in Pacific – â€Å"code talkers† p. 836 *** LA, CA summer 1943 – â€Å"Zoot Suit Riots† – Pachucos vs. Servicemen – violence – retaliation – gangs – blame – reactions – tensions – â€Å"Victory Suits† – race riots p. 836-837 ** Race riot in Detroit, MI in 1943 – fatalities pp. 36-837 Big gov’t intervention received its greatest boost from – WWII (not the New Deal) During WWII, most Am’s economically experienced – prosperity a doubling of personal income p. 837 National Gross National Product (all goods and services produced in USA) in 1940 was $100 b illion – GNP grew to $200 billion in 1945 – corporate profits rose from ~$6 billion in 1940 to ~$12 billion by 1944 – Henry Stimson (Sec of War) â€Å"if you are going to try to go to war in a capitalist country, you have to let business make money out of the process, or business won’t work. p. 837 * disposable income after war-time taxes more than doubled (but there was inflation too) * post-war consumerism w/surplus income to purchase in post-war US economy – Ex increase 33% in post war prices b/c of high wages consumer demand * Office of Scientific Research and Development p. 37 – developed weapons, including Atomic (nuclear) bombs *** â€Å"warfare-welfare state† b/t 1941-1945 * rationing – total war effort – bond drives – kids had Al drives for example, etc†¦ Ex of poster: â€Å"When you ride ALONE, you ride with Hitler! † – Black Market Chart for Rise in National Debt – rise b/c of WWII and after war it spiked higher than during war p. 837 On p. 38 Cost of war in $ was for USA $330 billion – 10 times more than WWI – more $ than all federal spending since 1776 – income tax – 4 times as many people than before war – some people taxed as high as 90% of income – taxes provided for 2/5ths of war cost – rest is borrowed from US public – Liberty Loans – Bond Drives others loaned $ too like individuals who were rich tycoons moguls and/or through corporations banks – 1941 National Debt was $49 billion – grew to $259 billion in 1945 – war cost ~$10 million per hour at peak of war – plus blood, sweat, tears – tremendous loss of life – Ex. USSR lost more than any other country Northward migration of Af-Am’s accelerated after WWII b/c – mechanical cotton pickers (machines) were in use p. 836 During WWII, American Indians – moved off of reservations in large numbers (~25,000 served in military) p. 836 By the end of WWII, the heart of USA’s Af-Am communities had shifted to – northern cities pp. 834-835 * p. 836 â€Å"The speed and scale of these changes jolted the migrants and sometimes the communities that received them. * Racism, de facto segregation vs. de jure (Jim Crow) segregation [Migartion Map on p. 834] National debt increased most during – World War II (and post-WWII to present) p. 838 Most $ raised to finance WWII came through – borrowing (individuals, corporations – bonds for middle class working class people) (*Liberty/Victory Loans – bond sales – hugely promoted) p. 38 First naval battle in history in which all of the fighting was done b y (aircraft) carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of – the Coral Sea (May 1942 near NE Australia – Tie to stop Japanese threat/invasion of the â€Å"Land Down Under† – USA lost one carrier – USS Lexington – USS Yorktown carrier badly damaged but back in action at Midway where she was finally sunk by a Japanese submarine after extensive damage from aircraft that left her a burning wreck) * Midway – 2nd such battle b/t carrier fleets so far apart they never see each other – June 3rd-6th, 1942 – the turning point of the Pacific war p. 839] The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of – Midway (June 3rd-6th, 1942) * Details – our 3 carriers to their 4 – we sank all four and lost only one – planes – luck – plans – codes – drama – Spruance, Nimitz, etc†¦ plus Aleutian Islands (of Alaska) attacked just before Midway was dive rsion, which was fairly effective – cold, brutal fighting over frozen, barren islands, but were US territory like Hawaii pp. 39-841 Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their attempt to control much of the Pacific when they – over extended themselves instead of digging in consolidating their gains p. 839 – Japanese victories in Pacific up through first 6 months extended down to Dutch East Indies (for oil), Southeast Asia (for rubber), including Burma and Thailand into parts of China, the Philippines, the Marianas such as Guam, the Gilbets, the Marshalls, the Solomons, the Aleutians, Korea and Manchuria, Okinawa, Iwo Jima, etc†¦- They held it for about 6 months after Pearl Harbor before Allied advances began. In waging war against Japan, the USA relied mainly on a strategy of – (leapfrogging and) island-hopping across the South (and Central) Pacific while by-passing Japanese strongholds (whenever possible – but not always – Ex. Philippines Pelelieu Aleutians) [MacArthur/US Army Halsey in South – USMC Nimitz/Spruance in Central Pacific] All strategies considered implemented in some fashion – heavy bombing from Chinese air bases, invading SE Asia Burma, fortifying China transporting supplies from India over â€Å"the Hump† of the Himalayas, turning Japanese flanks in New Guinea (MacArthur) Alaska (Aleutians) * All were done – but priority was put on USN, US Army, USMC, USAAC (USAF), USCG in two prong drive across south central Pacific with Adm. Nimitz calling the shots Conquest of Guam (Marianas – Tinian Saipan too) in 1944 was especially critical, b/c from there (the Marianas) the USA could conduct round-trip bombing raids (B-29s) on Japanese home islands – But a nasty volcanic sulfur-smelling small island with large 500 foot hill on its southwestern corner on it called Iwo Jima was in the way – could notify Japan that bombers were coming – plus many damaged bombers needed the vital air strip on the island for emergency landings – so in Feb of 1945, USMC began its biggest, most-distinguished battle lasting 36 days in Hell before the island was completely secure – giving us two flag raisings on Mt. Suribachi – the 2nd becoming perhaps the most famous photograph in the entire world – â€Å"Semper Fi, Do or Die, Gung Ho! † Allies won Battle of Atlantic by – escorting convoys of merchants’ (and military) vessels (not using convoy system initially) [E x. Carrier other Task Forces], dropping depth charges from destroyers, bombing submarine (U-boat) bases (Ex. located in France), deploying new technology of RADAR At war’s end, U-boat crews are in a very deadly branch of voluntarily service still got volunteers up until the end – 4 out of 5 U-boaters die by late 1944 – Adm Downitz asked for more before war – didn’t get them, used convoy system w/ destroyer escorts – depth charges – RADAR (B-24s B-25s, other planes as sub hunters) – SONAR – Enigma code machine codes (read Japanese codes in Pacific too) – US subs sink lots of ships (especially in Pacific), But what about organizing â€Å"wolf packs† (which are German U-boats) to chase down German U-boats (submarines)? *** Battle of the Atlantic Most important battle in Western Europe! Until Spring 1943, perhaps Hitler’s greatest opportunities of defeating Britain winning the war was – the German U-boat would destroy Allied shipping (which it was faster than ships could be built early in war) Hitler’s advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of Stalingrad, after which, his fortunes gradually declined {* Leningrad, Kursk, Red Army, Counter-Offensives} pp. 841-842 Monte Cassino in Italy Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 b/c – of British reluctance (b/c of the majority of troops would be supplied by them that early in the war) lack of adequate resources {* We’d have gotten our butts handed to us by the Germans – as indeed we did really until 1943 – we needed to learn how to fight – Stalin was angry we left his country to suffer while we lagged in opening a second front n France to relieve the USSR – cannot blame him entirely FDR’s promise to the Soviets to open a second front in Western Europe by end of 1942 – was utterly impossible to keep (just not ready for the undertaking really) * So USSR got pounded through most of 1942 before it went on the offensive in 1943 and until the end of the war really – meanwhile, the Allies invaded North Africa, then Sicily, then up the boot of Italy – before two major invasions of France in June Aug of 1944 Allied demand for unconditional surrender was criticized mainly by opponents who believed that such a surrender would – encourage the enemy to resist as long as possible (but USA also did this to show a ommitment to USSR as an Ally against Germany to avoid a separate peace as in WWI) FDR’s Churchill’s insistence on the absolute and â€Å"unconditional surrender† of Germany – eventually complicated the problems of postwar reconstruction Chronology: Casablanca, Morocco – Jan 1943 FDR Churchill meet – Pacific strategy, Sicily, Italy, unconditional surrender p. 842, (Cairo, Egypt before Teheran – w/FDR Churchill discuss Chiang Mao vs. Japanese in China), then Teheran, Iran (Persia at the time) – Nov 28th – Dec 1st, 1943 – plans for W E attacks on Germany p. 844 – FDR, Churchill, Stalin, Potsdam, Germany – July 1945 – Truman, Churchill, Stalin – Potsdam Declaration how to end war post-war plans p. 851 Chronology: Invasion of (Sicily and) Italy (1943), D-Day/Normandy invasion (June 6th, 1944), VE Day 5/8/45 [my mother turned 6 years old (my father turned 6 years old 10 days later) – she had two brothers in this war (others in Korea Vietnam) – one would come home from Europe w/2 Purple Hearts – served under Patton in N Africa was at the Bulge – his eye was hanging out of his head attached by the optic nerve – they saved his eye – but the war messed the young man up for the rest of his lif e mentally carrying the burdens of death – her other brother was in Pacific – he would not come home until Japan was beaten] – VJ Day 8/15/45 – Japan’s surrender was 8/14/45 – official surrender on deck of battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay was 9/2/45 – WWII was finally over after many deaths – military ivilian (WWII began in 1931-37 in Asia, Sept 1939 in Europe, Dec 1941 for USA in Pacific) Major consequence of Allied conquest of Sicily in Aug 1943 was – overthrow of Mussolini (first of two times) and (eventually) Italy’s surrender o Italians surrender quicker than the French – At least they claim to be â€Å"lovers not fighters† – but the Romans seriously put a foot in and/or up one’s booty in battle as a vicious warrior empire known for organization in fighting After Italian surrender in Aug 1943, Germans poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance (really until the end of t he war in Northern Italy – also harsh to Italians for switching sides) Real impact of the Italian front on WWII may have been that it delayed the D-Day invasion allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into E Europe (â€Å"iron curtain†) Brutal fighting in Italy Ex pp. 841-842 Monte Cassino in Italy Audie Murphy was in Italy, France, Germany 442nd Nisei were in Italy, France, Germany US First Army – The Big Red One Tuskegee airmen (99th squadron of 332nd fighter group) Italians switched sides – Germans reinforced – bloody battles b/c of terrain – Ex. Anzio * I disagree w/this – Italy was a vital valuable front – perhaps managed poorly, but necessary At the wartime conference in Teheran, Iran (Persia) (11-28 thru 12-1-43) (FDR, Churchill, Stalin) – plans were made for opening a 2nd front in Europe p. 844 – was Sicily Italy before France – Stalin still not happy Cross Channel (English Channel) invasion of Normandy (in NW France) to open a 2nd front in Europe was commanded by Gen Dwight David Eisenhower (future president) [Ike] {West Point, Aide of MacArthur, Bonus Army, North Africa, Great political general – needed for this command to deal w/ the prima- onnas US Gen Patton and British Gen Montgomery (Monty) plus other issues – he was the right man for the job – although many disagreed about that at the time} ***** Normandy/D-Day June 6th, 1944 (operation Overlord) Breako ut 5 beaches Monty, Bradley, Patton diversion pointed at Calais, French Underground, Airborne/Gliders/Paratroopers, Rangers, Amphibious, Air Superiority, Mulberry Harbors, Strategy, Hedgerows, Engineers, Etc†¦ (Saving Private Ryan, The Longest Day) In a sense, FDR was the â€Å"forgotten man† at the Democratic Convention of 1944 b/c – so much attention was focused on who would be VP (Truman – Sen from MO political machine – failed in business – US Army rtillery Major in WWI ) (VP former Sec of Ag Henry Wallace pushed out) (FDR in poor health) ** FDR complained of a headache and then shortly thereafter died from cerebral hemorrhage sitting for a portrait in Warm Springs, GA (where his health spa for his rehab for polio was) on April 12th, 1945 – funeral train – some people had really only known FDR as president, now Truman was the great unknown trying to replace FDR – Eleanor said to Harry, â€Å"The president is dead. â €  Truman replied, â€Å"Is there anything I can do for you. † Mrs Roosevelt responded, â€Å"Oh no, is there anything that we can do for you, you’re the one who is in trouble now. † FDR won 1944 election primarily b/c war was going well by Nov 1944 (many thought it was all but officially won and over) Action by USA against Adolf Hitler’s campaign of genocide against the Jews – was reprehensively slow in coming – Did not admit large numbers of refugees to USA, nor bomb RR lines at death camps – USA did know – Gov’t knew for sure since 1942 when â€Å"final solution† was implemented – US gov’t knew before if they chose to believe it (plus Mein Kampf, Hitler’s book), not major reason at all really that USA fought WWII – like Civil War sort of in that abolition of slavery was a by-product that many Federal/Union soldiers did not realize they were fighting for at the beginning of the war , nor would many of them fought for that ideal anyway–my opinion–so you know it’s correct! ( Hitler’s last ditch attempt to achieve victory against the USA British (plus other Allies) came in – Battle of the Bulge (Dec 1944-Jan 1945) My uncle FL was there – got that nasty eye wound †¢ Hurtgen Forrest (When Trumpets Fade) before Bulge near Achaen in W Germany almost on Belgian border – brutal mine fields – slaughter – overshadowed by Bulge so largely forgotten †¢ Bulge – why it’s called the Battle of the Bulge – weather – secrecy – push through weak Ardennes – Malmady – Mr. High – casualties 76,000 US – worst battle in US history (Okinawa close, Gettysburg too) – Germans lost 140,000+ cold – no air cover for weeks – Bastogne – 101st Airborne (Band of Brothers) – 101st at Normandy, Market Garden, Bastogne, Hitlerâ €™s Eagle’s Nest – Patton 3rd Army – costly choice to push bulge back rather than pinch it (liposuction) – air cover returns – push to the Rhine – USSR pushing from the East – USSR in Berlin brutal As result of Battle of Leyte Gulf – Japan was finished a s a naval power (Philippines 1944 – largest naval battle ever – Halsey – Taffy 3 – Kamikazes – Yamato) [Philippines fell – 500 POWs rescued at Cabanatuan (The Great Raid) – hold outs in to 1970s] {Iwo Jima and Okinawa and Japanese home islands left to take to end Pacific war} ***** War of attrition in Pacific – to the death – rarely took prisoners on either side unless want information Potsdam Conference – issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender of â€Å"face a rain of ruin from the air† †¢ It’s already facing a â€Å"rain of ruin from the air’ as did German cities! p. 851 Potsdam Conference (Truman told Stalin of massive weapon to use on Japan – Stalin not surprised (b/c he knew from spies already) – told Truman to use it promised to enter war in Pacific as he had agreed to earlier – entered war 8/8/4 5, day before 2nd A-bomb on Nagasaki that time, Hiroshima the first on 8/6/45) Total unconditional surrender or be destroyed – threat of more bombing – not specific as to use of an atomic bomb – more bombing – so what – already taking that! Spending of enormous sums of money on the original (to be used against Germany) atomic (nuclear) bomb project (Manhattan Project) was spurred by the belief that – the American public would not tolerate the (massive) casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan (***** Much More Complex Than That! ***** Letter â€Å"c† in the answer choices – The Japanese were (still) at work (and more successful than Germans – who tried heavy water in Norway but suffered to sabotage attacks – one at the plant, the other sinking a ferry w/the heavy water on board – still at bottom of the lake in Norway) on an atomic bomb of their own (claim to have detonated one in Manchuria) ***** Japanese had lots of weapons ready for the Final Battle or invasion of Japan, which was planned ready to go – they also had chemical weapons from Shiro Ishi’s Unit 731 in Manchuria – chemical biological weapons – delivery systems – Ex. High altitude balloons, flea bombs, etc†¦- USA made post-war deal w/ the Devil! No war crimes trials for vivisections, experiments, infection of disease, anthrax, plague, etc†¦ The â€Å"unconditional surrender† policy toward Japan was finally modified by – agreeing to let Japan’s Emperor Hirohito stay on the throne (w/Democratic gov’t) * No war crimes trials for emperor – Tojo took the fall for emperor – no Shiro Ishi or members of Unit 731 unlike Nazis – let Japan have terms that Germany did not get – then USA – built up former enemies (W Germany Japan) into allies while former allies (USSRlt; etc†¦) became enemies – COLD WAR! The following were qualities of US participation in WWII: A group of highly effective military political leaders, an enormously effective effort in producing weapons supplies (usually more, later, better equipment than enemies – out produced the Axis), the preservation of the American homeland against invasion or destruction from air (small submarine skirmishes some off-shore shelling, some balloons w/explosives in 48 continental USA), the maintenance re-affirmation of strength of democracy, What about a higher % of military casualties than any other Allied nation (USA had least casualties of big ones – USSR suffered more casualties than any country on either side) p. 27 FDR as â€Å"all wise† for Germany first strategy over those who disagree – Pacific war always get ripped off p. 828 Allies Trade Space for Time * German ( Japanese) scientists – weapons – A-Bombs pp. 829-832 The Shock of War pp. 830-831 Japanese-Am Internment (Farewell to Manzanar) Issei, Nisei, Exec Order #9066 (100th/442nd ) pp. 832-833 Building the War Machine * strikes Ex Coal Miners – exploited, underpaid – share profits Kaiser shipbuilding pp. 833-834 Man power Woman power – Braceros (later deportations in â€Å"Operation Wetback†) – Rosie (Wendy) – day-cares p. 834 War migration map pp. 835-837 wartime migrations p. 835 Tuskegee Airmen photo p. 835 A Philip Randolph (Exec Order #8802) **** (Charles Drew – Af-Am did first successful blood transfusion – put in charge of Allied blood banks – he was forced to segregate blood too – his death outside a hospital after an accident – died waiting for a blood tranfusion b/c white hospital would not admit him) p. 835 Double V, CORE – 1942, NAACP membership increases p. 836 Comanche (Europe) Navajo (Pacific) â€Å"code talkers† pp. 836-837 Zoot Suit Riots in LA, CA 1943 Detroit, MI 1943 â€Å"Sudden rubbing against one another of unfamiliar peoples produced some di stressingly violent action. † pp. 837-838 Holding the Homefront p. 837 National Debt Chart pp. 838-839 The Rising Sun in the Pacific p. 838 Map of Luzon, Bataan, Corrigador (Philippines) p. 838 (Mao and ) Chiang Kai-shek resist Japanese w/Allied help p. 38 Flying â€Å"the Hump† in Himalayas (b/c of Burma Road – Merril’s Mauraders Gen Stillwell) p. 838 â€Å"ill-trained† Filipinos, MacArthur holds fast – delays Japanese – Bataan Death March (POW rescue) p. 839 Japan’s High Tide at Midway (plus Aleutians) pp. 839-841 American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo (island-hopping leapfrogging like blitzkrieg Pacific style) * Book does opposite of Europe First strategy of Allies †¢ Guam (Saipan – suicides), Marianas â€Å"Turkey Shoot’ F6F Hellcat kill ratio †¢ 6-20-44 Battle of Philippine Sea – massive Japanese losses p. 840 Map of Pacific War p. 841 Churchill – â€Å"The Hun is always either at you throat or at your feet. † pp. 841-842 The Allied Halting of Hitler p. 41 Battle of the Atlantic – U-boats, destroyers, RADAR, SONAR, Enigma, New U-boats (not enough early in war – Downitz) – no sub can stay under indefinitely b/c food is limitation (U-571) pp. 842-843 A Second Front from North Africa to Rome p. 842 USSR lost ~20 million pp. 842-843 â€Å"unconditional surrender† debate results pp. 843-846 D-Day: June 6th, 194p. 845 Examining the Evidence – Teheran 1943 – Overlord Discussion (* Dieppe in France) p. 844 Ike chosen to command D-Day invasion – (feignt w/Patton at Calais – codes, underground, paratroopers, Rangers, 5 beaches, air power, Mulberry harbors, etc†¦) p. 846 D-Day (Agincourt 1415 – officer recited Shakespeare) in picture caption p. 846 Aug 1944 invasion of S France (A Murphy) pp. 846-847 FDR: Four Termite of 1944 p. 47 Focus on VP – Truman – on Sen Committee for Wasteful Sp ending – told to stop investigating Manhattan Project – he later learns it was Atomic Bombs p. 848 FDR defeats Dewey – FDR had Rep owned newspapers against him again p. 848 Quote from Congresswoman Clare Booth Luce – â€Å"He lied us into war because he did not have the political courage to lead us into it. † pp. 848-849 The Last Days of Hitler p. 849 Map of Battle of the Bulge * 76,000 casualties – worst US battle ever – so far * Okinawa Gettysburg were both very bad too Bulge mistakes p. 848 bombings pp. 848-849 (Remagen) Rhine River crossing into Germany p. 849 Holocaust – camps liberated – horrors known now for all (unit 731 in Manchuria) p. 849 FDR’s deathVE Day 5-8-45 pp. 49-851 Japan Dies Hard – US subs sinking Japanese ships – cutting off Japan’s vital lifeline sank 1. 042 ships ~50% of Japan’s merchant fleet p. 850 Bombings in Japan Ex. Tokyo 3/9-10/1945 ~83,000 KIA p. 850 Ley te Gulf, Iwo Jima, Pkinawa – short-changed as usual by textbooks that suck! Iwo Jima 6,000 KIA not 4,000 Okinawa 50,000 US casualties (KIA, WIA, MIA, POW) @ Okinawa, Japanese had ~200,000 military civilian casualties p. 851 2nd Flag Raising (Flags of Our Fathers, Letters from Iwo Jima, The Sands of Iwo Jima) p. 851 Kamikazes (Saipan Leyte, then Iwo Okinawa – worst of all – no Final Battle – would’ve been worst) †¢ They had lots stored up for the Final Battle pp. 851-853 Atomic Bombs p. 52 Hiroshima picture – post-bomb on 8-6-45 180,000 KIA, WIA, MIA 70,000 KIA instantly 60,000 died later from radiation, etc†¦ p. 852 USSR enters war in Pacific on 8-8-45 day before Nagasaki 8-9-45 KIA of 40,000 instantly, more later USSR invaded Manchuria North Korea (not a country split N S until 1950) 8-14-45 Japan surrendered 8-15-45 VJ Day official surrender on deck of battleship USS Missouri (Big Mo) on 9/2/45 w/MacArthur , etc†¦ pp. 853-854 The Allies Triumphant p. 853 US casualties ~ 1 million ~1/3rd KIA †¢ plasma, penicillin, (quanine for malaria), etc†¦. (medics, corpsman, doctors, nurses) USSR lost ~20 million plus more casualties 13. 6 million military killed plus 7. 2 million civilians killed plus up to 30 million more wounded and refugees p. 853 US attacked on W coast Ex balloons w/bombs, etc.. submarines on both coasts p. 853 â€Å"In the end, the US showed itself to be resourceful, tough, and adaptable to accommodate itself to the tactics of an enemy who was relentless and ruthless. † Kind of funny given US history – don’t you think? p. 854 VJ Day 8-15-45 image p. 854 production marvels – won war through production – more of everything – then eventually better more! Churchill – â€Å"Nothing succeeds like excess. † Herman Goering (Head of German air force/Luftwaffe – â€Å"Americans can’t build planes – only elect ric ice boxes and razor blades. † Goering also said that the P-51 Mustang (US fighter plane) won the war for the Allies p. 854 â€Å"But the American people preserved their precious liberties without serious impairment. † What would Zinn say? Is this a reference to loss of liberties during WWI – Espionage and Sedition Acts? What would â€Å"enemy aliens† and citizens interned during the war say? Ex. Italian German internment Japanese-American internment p. 854 Chronology p. 855 World War II: Triumph or Tragedy? Post-war scholarship was to avoid isolationist appeasement in Cold War Another paralleled 1930’s revisionist of post-WWI said US should have stayed out – made it worse Another thought FDR was naive isolationist Others thought FDR was a calculating interventionist Another focused on Atomic Bombs controversy – racism issue or timing b/c Germans were beaten already Gar Alperovitz said bomb was used to scare USSR hurry surrender MartinJ. Sherwin said we dropped A-bombs when ready to end was ASAP w/bonus of scaring USSR ***** Textbook ignores Rises to Power of Totalitarian leaders like Stalin (communist), Mussolini (fascist), Hitler (fascist), Japan’s militarist gov’t w/emporer Hirohito led by Tojo early in war – he took the fall It does not explain the role of the emperor in Japan’s gov’t Battle of Berlin – brutal pay back – refugees – rapes – POWs – Hitler’s death